Manufacture of articles having a systematic resemblance to a pattern



E. I. PRlN-DLE.

MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTEMATIC RESEMBLANCE TO A PATTERN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, I918.

I 1,388,302. I P e Aug. 23,1921.

6 SHEETS- EET I.

IN NTOR ATTbRNEY E. J. PRINDLE.

MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTEMATIC RESEMBLANCE TO A PATTERN. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25 19KB.

1,3 Patented Aug. 23 1921 6 SHEETSSHEET 2.

#LSVENTOR ATTORb IEYQY.

E. J. PRINDLE. MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTEMATIC RESEMBLANCE TO A PATTERN.

APPLICATION FILED IUNE 25. 1.918.

Patented Aug. 23,1921.

I INVEDU'DR Ri/h 6 SHEETSSHEET 3.,

BY ,9'm'4 kpl ATTORNEKS E. J. PRINDLE.

MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTEMATIC RESEMBLANCE TO A PATTERN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, 1918.

1,388,302, Patented Aug. 23, 1921.

HEETS-SHEET 4. /4- 9 n T I i I I54 l .IHI. INVENTOR I BY 7 ATTORNEYQS'.

E. J. PRINDLE.

MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLESHAVING A SYSTEMATIC. RESEMBLANCE TO A PAITERN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, 1918. 1,388,302. A g- 23,1921.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

k IaSESJTOR BY PM wwle ATTORNEY? EDWIN J. PRINDLE, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO IITZ-EMPIRE DOUBLE PIVOT LAST COMPANY, OF AUBURN, MAINE, A

CORPORATION OF MAINE.

UEACTUR'E OF ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTEMATIC RESEMBLANCE TO A PATTERN. 7

I Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aum, 23, 1921,

Application filed June 25, 1918. Serial No. 241,864.'

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD J. Pnmnnnof East Orange, in the county of Essex and in the State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in the Manufacture of'Articles Having a Systematic Resemblance to a Pattern, and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

This invention relates to pattern copying, or the production of objects havinga systematic resemblance to a pattern used as aguide or templet, and is disclosed as embodied in a last lathe. Many of the principles and features of the invention are of broad application to the entire class of pattern copying machinery including the production of objects having less than three dimensions, such, for example, as patterns for soles, shoe uppers, clothing, etc, and accordingly I do not intend'that all of the appended claims shall be limited in scope to pattern reproducing machinery of the last making or even 'of the three-dimensional t pe, and I have therefore in some of the c aims used words and terms in a generic sense as applying to the broad class of machinery of the pattern reproducing type.

Thewidth-grading mechanism of the ordinary last lathe, when used in making a larger last from a given model, as ordinarily supported in the lathe, will distort the profile of the sole of the last, because that profile is turned or formed at varying distances from the axis of rotation. As ordinarily supported, the model is held by dogs or chucks engaging the toe and heel of the last which are not movable relatively to the axis of rotation, so that the model last is rotated on an axis fixed within it, and which I will hereinafter call the normal axis of the last. This axis extends'fro'm the toe tip to about the center of the heelj The result is that the'various portions of the profile of the sole of the model are at varying radial distances from the said axis. The grading mechnism, which causes the increase (or decrease) in the width or girth of the model to form the new last, being pantographic in its action, adds or'subtracts to or from the said radius a given fraction of itself, whatever the radius may be. Consequently, at a portion of the profile which is relatively far from the axis (such as the ball of the last),

where the radius is relatively long, the amount added to or subtracted from the radius is greater than it is,for instance,'at the rear of the shank, where the'radius is comparatively short. It follows that the layer added to the sole of the model to form the .new last under these conditions is of varying thickness and tends always to vary the curvature of the profile, accentuating that curvature when making a fatter last. This variation has the: effect ofchanging the toe spring of the model, which toe spring is the vertical height of the tip of the toe from the floor on whlch the last may be supposed to be resting. 'The increase or the decrease in the thickness of the layer added to the sole of the model is, therefore, proportional to the radius or distance from the axis of revolution of the point being considered.

The thicknessof the layer added to the sole of the model is-further dependent upon and increases with the width grading ratio,

which isthe ratio of a lateral dimensionof the last to the corresponding dimension of the model. If r is this ratio, and c the radius of the model, the thickness added is rZ) e for widening and the amount subtracted is e for narrowing.

The first solution of the problem was given by L..B. Whipple (United States Letters Patent No. 1,362,183, granted Dec. 14., 1920.) While the machine shown in this application effected a revolutionary change in the treatment of the problem, it was subject to the disadvantage that the profile control obtainable by it was not'arbitrary at all parts of the last. I

The invention described and claimed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,362,184, granted Dec. 14, 1920, on my application introduced a continuous cam operated control feature as an improvement, and made the treatment of the problem more flexible and convenient, Both of these inventions involved, in one aspect, shifting the model relatively to the grading axis (which, in a last lathe, is the axis of revolution). This effected a change in the distance from points in the profile that it was desired to control to the grading axis. It is these distances that are graded, or magnified or reduced by the grading mechanism, and by effecting the proper displacement of any lamina at the instant of its reproduction, an arbitrary profile can be produced in the work, the model being so displaced that the resulting radius from the profile point being reproduced to .the grading axis magnifies into the result desired in the work. Both ofthe machines so far discussed were subject to the disadvantage that they caused a slight distortion of the last, independently of that due to the profile control mechanism, due to the fact that the shift was accomplished by moving only one end of the model, so that the differential elements reproduced were not all strictly parallel. The invention described and claimed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,362,185, granted Dec. 14, 1920, on the application of S. E. Boynton, supplied the improvement of moving both ends of the model simultaneously, securing accurate parallelism, if desired, between the differential elements reproduced.

The machines thus far discussed are subject to the disadvantage that the displacement required at any lamina depends not vonly upon the normal profile radius, that is,

the radius characteristic of the unshifted ratio which changes with every width. It

was necessary therefore to use a different cam (or setting in the Whipple machine) for every width of every style.' This inconvenience was removed by the invention of my application Serial No. 281,154, filed Apr. 27, 1918. That invention secured the desired result of preserving the model sole profile in the widened (or narrowed) last by the use of a single cam irrespective of the width of the last out, the cam, moreover having the exact shape of-the profile itself, and being therefore perfectly simple in development. The machine disclosed in this application shifted the model and block both by the entire distance 6 (or by e diminished or increased by a quantity constant through the turning) placing all the sole profile points in the axis of rotation (or at a constant distance therefrom) at the instant of their reproduction. The advantage of using a single camwas offset in some degree'by the necessity of moving the model such large distances, which required generously designed mechanism and excessive swing frame movements, since the range of dog movement was as greatas the vertical variation in the sole profile itself and the swing frame'had last at each revolution.

I was then led to consider whether the advantages of a single cam for all widths could not be secured without these attendant disadvantages. The ori inal procedure referred to developed by hipple, Boynto'n and myself secured, for example, the reproduction of the model sole profile by shifting the model, at the instant of reproduction of a lamina, by an amount equal to the product of the sole profile radius 6 of this lamina, by a small fraction dependent upon the grading ratio 1", and I have succeeded, by" means of the present invention, in securing this relatively small displacement by a single cam, irrespective of the value of 1. I preferably secure the multiplication of the quantity 0 by the small fraction by an adjustment connected with and operated by cry of the model. In the illustrated embodi- 100 ment of the invention, the longitudinal sole profile is used, and the grading is width grading. It is, moreover, a noteworthy consideration that the invention provides for the accomplishment of the desired result without the necessity of shifting the work.

Another feature of the inventionv consists in means for shifting the model operated by a cam having the shape of the model itself, and means for modifying the movement communicated byrthis cam, in correspondence with the grading ratio, so that the single 7 cam will answer the purpose, irrespective of the grading ratio. 7

The foregoing general remarks will be more fully understood by the following'description of my invention in its practice by 7' I means of a preferred machine embodying the machine-aspect of'the invention, it being understood that the scope of the appended claims is not to be limited by the structure or function of the machine shown in the drawings, this being only one of a number hand side of a last-forming lathe embodying 130 .the ordinary width grading adjustment,

other parts omitted).

Fig. 2 is a side view of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow 2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view'on a larger scale than Fig. 2 and taken onthe line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a detailed horizontal section taken on the line 44 of Fig. 6.

-Fig. 5 is a detailed vertical section taken on the line 55 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken on the line 6-6 of. Fig. 10.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary View, partly in "section, taken on the line -7-( of Fig. 10.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged vertical section of the head stock spindle and its adjacent parts taken on the line 88 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 9 is a detached plan view of a portion of the head stock spindle.

Fig. 10 is a detailed horizontal section with parts removed taken on the line 10-10 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary vertical section of the tail stock spindle and related parts.

Fig. 12 is a vertical cross-section taken on the line 1212 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a horizontal section taken on the line 1313 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 14 is a horizontal section taken on the line 14,14 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 15 is a detailed vertical section taken 7 on the line 15-15 of Fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a diagram of the width grader.

In the illustrated embodiment, I have shown a last lathe with an ordinary modelwheel carriage 1, having a model-wheel 1 thereon,-mounted on the usual uide or way 2 on a bed 3. Uprights 4 rise rom the bed and carry pivots 5 of swing-frame side-bars 6. The swing frame, as usual, carries parallel guide bars 7 and 8, on which are mounted a head stock 9 and a tail stock 10. A head stock spindle 11 is mounted in a bearing 12 in the head stock and in abearing formed in the side bar 6. The head stock spindle is provided with a hollow head 13, having a slide 14 mounted in a transverse guideway in the head, which slide has a' chuck 15 shown as a heel dog attached thereto in any -manner desired.- In the present instance, the chuck is illustrated as screwed on a tapered screw 16. The chuck carries the heel end of themodel last 17 whose toe is mounted on a toe dog 18, which is mounted on a slide 19, similar to'the slide ,14 of the tail stock spindle, by means of a screw 20.

I wish and prefer to shift the chuck 15 and toe dog 18 so as to shift the last and.

preferably so that the last will always be parallel with itself, and to vary the radius 7 e from theaxis of revolution of the point in the profile of the sole which is being operated upon to correct the difiiculty, above referred to. This will ordinarily require that the heel chuck 15 and the toe dog 18 and the slides upon which they are mounted shall be constantly shifted during the turning of the last. This involves shifting the model preferably continuously relatively to ew a whence The shift 00 therefore depends not only upon the part of the last being reproduced, but

also upon the width grading ratio. It

should be noticed that since 1" lies between .9 and 1.2 in general, 1; will be a small fraction, as already stated. In order to so shift the dogs during the turning operation, I provide the following mechanism: A link 21 is pivoted to ears 22 on the rear of the slide 14 at one end, while the other end of the link is pivoted to a bell crank 23 that is fulcrumed in ears 24 formed or fastened within the head 13. The opposite end of the bell crank is pivoted to a rod 25 running through a bore in the head stock spindle 11 and passing through a gland 26 at the rear thereof. The spindle 25 carries a collar 27, having a groove 28 formed therein, and

is engaged in the groove by a pair of pins.

or rollers 29 carried by a bifurcated arm 30 of a bell crank, which bell crank is pivoted upon a bracket 31 fastened to the swing frame. The other arm 32 of the bell crank is pivoted to a rod 33, which extends upward along the bar 6 of the -swing frame, and is pivoted to one arm 34 of a lever by 'a pivot 35, the pivot 35 being located approximately in line with pivot 5 of the swing frame, so that the motion of the swing frame 7 will not cause substantial motion of the rod 33. The lever 34 is fulcrumed to a bracket '36 on the frame, and its rear arm 37 is connected by a rod 38 with an arm 39 of a bell crank on the frame, the other arm 40 of the bell crank being pi oted to a connecting rod 41, whose opposite end is mounted on a pin 42. The pin 42 is mounted on a slide 43, which is mounted in a slideed to slide in stationary guides 51 and 52 on the frame. The bar is provided with means to engage a cam to be actuated from the model-wheel carriage to be later described, which cam will move the said bar,

and consequently the pin 49, so that at any time the horizontal distance from a reference point of the pin 49, measured vertically in Fig. 10, willbe proportional, and in the machine shown equal, to the radius from the ordinary fixed axis of revolution to the point in a profile of the last, (shown as a longi tudinal sole profile) which lies in the section then being operated upon. The linkage will preferably be so proportioned that the horizontal movement of the pivot 42 is equal to the movement of the dog 15 transverse to its axls.

In the present instance, I have shown the bar50 as being provided with an anti-friction roller 53, mounted on a pin on. the said bar which roller is to engage a cam. In the present instance, the cam consists of a plate 54, having secured to it two pieces of material and 56, which between them form a channel 57, having the desired profile of of the sole of the last. be formed without calculation by obtaining the profile of the last, as by sawing the last lengthwise, and then marking off the said profile on a single block or slab of material and sawing the block in two along the line thus obtained and then fastening the two portions 55 and 56 thus obtained to the plate 54, separated the proper distance to form the cam channel desired. The blocks 55 and 56 may conveniently be formed of rock maple or other wood of which lasts are to be turned. The roller 53 on the bar 50 engages the cam groove. plate 54 as secured to a slide 59 that is mounted in a slideway in the model carriage, such construction permitting both ready removal and interchange of cams for different models f and adjustment of the cams to exactly correspond to the model. The slide 59 may be secured to the model-wheel carriage 1, as by thumbscrews 58. I preferably secure the blocks 55 and 56 to the plate 54 so that the cam channel 57 shall be similarly situated as regards the line of feed with its prototype in the model last when the latter is supported by the heel and toe dogs.

I now desire to provide the pin 42 with mechanism which shall preferably automatically position the said pin toward and from The said cam can I have shown the the axis of the shaft 46, either on one side or the other of the said axis, that the said pin 42,shall receive only a fraction of'the horizontal movement of the pin 49, depending upon the ratio of increase or decrease in the width or girth of the last being formed. Thus I have found that by this means of governing the bodily shifting of the model toward or from the axis of revolution (for I shall describe mechanism by which the toe will be thus shifted in synchronism with the heel of the last), I can reproduce the model sole profile in the work with'the same cam irrespective of the width of the work and without being obligedto move the workrelatively to its axis. I will first describe the mechanism and then develop its quantitative characteristics.

The desired result maybe briefly stated. As has already been shown, if the block is to remain fixed on its axis, the model must be shifted on its mechanical axis of rotation (for increasing width). The movement of 49 is caused by the cam defined by the e, and

before being transmitted to the dogs. This may be accomplished by positioning the slide. 43 so that the pin 42 divides the distance from 46 to 49in the ratio This will cause the movement of 42 to be' measured from its position corresponding to unshifted dogs.

I prefer to connect the slide 43, carrying the pin 42, with the width-grading mechanism of the'lathe, so that the setting of the for last-turning lathes. In such mechanism,

the model wheel is mounted on a slide61, that is horizontally mounted on an upright 62, fixed on the model wheel carriage. The slide 61 has a horizontally-projecting blade therefore must be reduced by the multiplier 63, which is drawn by a spring (not shown) againsta fan-board 64. The fan-boardis a rectangular metal plate mounted on horizontal trunnions placed at its ends. The fan-board is swung in unison with the swing frame by a connecting rod 66 that is pivoted to an arm on the fan-board at 66 and to the swing frame at 66 The blade 63 is mounted on a block 67, which is adjustable up and down in a guide 68 by a screw 69, shown as' having a hand-wheel 70 at its upper end, and the amount of increase or decrease in girth or width of the new last over that of the model is determined by the vertical distance of the blade 63 above or below the trunnions of the fan-board. So much of the width-grading mechanism is old.

I desire to move the slide 43, carrying the pin 42, below or above the center of motion of the lever 45 proportionately to the position of the blade 63 above or below the trunnions of the fan-board 64. This I accomplish by the following mechanism: A verti cally-movable rack bar 71 engages the blade 63 in such a manner that it participates in any vertical movement of the blade but does not interfere with or participate in hori zontal movement of the blade. This is accomplished by providing the rack bar with a head, having a slot 72, which engages the said blade. The rack baris mounted in guides formed onthe upright 62 that supports the model wheel slide The rack bar meshes with a pinion 73, which is fixed to a bevel gear 74, that in turn meshes with a bevel gear 7 5 on the end ofa sleeve 76, which sleeve has bearing in brackets 77 that are formed on the model wheel carriage.

shaft 7 8 is located within the sleeve 76, and

a spline '79 causes them to turn in unison,

while permitting them to telescope upon each other. The shaft 78 passes through a bearing in the block 80, mounted on the table 2, and carries a bevel gear 81, which meshes with a bevel gear 82. The latter bevel gear is fixed to a pinion 83, that meshes Y with a rack84, the said rack having annular teeth, for reasons which will be stated later. The rack 84 extends into a bore-85 in the shaft 46 by which the lever 45a carried. The lever 45 has a pair of ears or brackets 86. Between the outer ends of the brackets 86 is journaled a pinion 87, that meshes with annular teeth on the rack 84, and the said pinion meshes with a pinion 89, that meshes with a rack 90 formed on the slide 43 which carries the pin 42. Thus, vertical movement of the blade 63 transmits opposite movement to the slide 43 and, consequently, to the pin 42. When the blade 63 is at the level of the trunnions of the fanboard, the pin 42 is at the center of motion of the lever 45.

The reason why the rack 84 is provided 111 formed on the lever 32.

link 92 similar tothe link 21, and with a bell crank 93, similar to the bell crank 23, the bell crank 93 being operated by a rod '94 similar to the rod 25, the rod 94 carrying a collar 95 similar to the collar 27, which collar is engaged by pins 96 on the vertical arm of a bell crank lever 97. The tail stock spindle is mounted in a screw sleeve 98,' which is threaded in a bore in the tail stock 10. The forward end of the screw sleeve bears. upon the rear face 99 of the spindle head, and the spindle has a gear 100 fastened on it, so that its hub bears against the rear end of a hand wheel 101 formed on the screw sleeve. In this manner the tail stock spindle can turn in the screw sleeve but cannot move longitudinally independently of it. The turning of the hand wheel thus enables the toe dog to be advanced toward or retracted from the heel dog, and thus enables model lasts of varying lengths to be clamped between the said two dogs. A bracket 102 is journaled on the tail stock spindle, being held against the hub of the gear 100 by means of a collar 103. The

bracket 102 is prevented from rotating with of a link 106, whose upper end is pivoted to the free end of a segment lever 107. The segment 107 a of the segment lever 107 meshes with a gear 108 on a sleeve 108*, that is splined on a shaft 109. The shaft 1.09 has a bearing in the side frame 6 and carries abevel gear 110, that meshes with a segment A shaft 112 is journaled in the swing frame and carries a pinion 113, that meshes with a gear 114 on the head stock spindle and turns the latter. The shaft 112 also carries a long pinion 115, that meshes with the gear on the tail stock spindle and turns the latter. The shaft 112 may be driven in any desired manner, for example the one ordinarily in use in last lathes.

The parts are so proportioned that movement of the bell crank 32 to shift the head stock dog or heel dog, will effect an equal movement of the tail stock dog or toe dog, and thus the various positions of the model last will always be parallel with each other.

It will be understood that the cam should be so adjusted that the roller 53 will engage the same point of the profile of the cam as the model wheel engages of the profile of the model at a given instant.-

ed from its normal position.

nzc/L, the fraction of the model and block swing that is transmitted to the fan-board; n is a constant for the machine under all conditions, and nzl if the swing frame slides on V rectilinear guides.

The formulae will be developed for magnification,but the results for reduction maybe similarly obtained.

Then, if the axis of the block'at any instant is distant d from the cutter axis, that is, if dzthe radius of theblock at the point of reproduction, the point 66 will be distant ml from the position it occupies when the axis of 11 is on the cutter, and the model wheel will be advanced by the width grader 9 The radius of the model at the point of reproduction at this instant will then be a, a e=d nd=d 1 n) (1) and the grading ratio is Now let is be the ratio of the movement of 42 to the movement of 63, that is k is the constant of the gearing shown in Fig. 3, its

value being for the present undetermined. Let m be the constant distance from 46 to 49. Then the distance from 46 to 42 is ka=k T b 4 The horizontal distance of 49 from its reference posltion corresponding to a cut on the axis of the block will, if the cam is properly adjusted, be e, the radius of the sole profile point of the model in the section" being reproduced reckoned from the normal axis; and the horizontal displacement of 42 from its corresponding reference the dog displacement at 15 is 70a I R6 (5) position or" The effective radius of the model at the sole profile point is diminished by this, and is The radius d of the block at this point is then and this is equal to e', the normal model 7 radius at the sole profile point, it

r al

whence, from (4) r 1 k b) 1 i f r a 7c is constant irrespective of the value of 1", and the sole profile of the model can thus be reproducedin the block by a single cam for all widths. Assuming this value of 7c, the amount of the dog-shift is from (5), (9) and (3) n l fi r p which is the result sought for. If the lathe is reducing instead of magnifying it is easy to show that the dog-shift will be in the opposite direction and numerically equal to The setting of 42 from 46 is from (4) and (9) r- 1 1 r, 'm or mr r for magnification or reduction, respectively. The cam and the model, or either, need not be placed in,normal position, 2'. 6., so that when the roller 53 is at the point corresponding to the normal axis of thelast, for example the toe tip, the dogs. will be in their unshifted'positions. For, suppose that the cam is displaced by a quantity t from this position toward the bottom oi Fig. 10,-then the movement of 49 from its position corresponding to unshifted dogs is equivalent to et, t being a constant.

Then is having the above value (9) the swing of 42 from its position corresponding to unshifted dogs by (5), (9) and (3) is v T"; 1(e, and the effective radius of the model sole is This, when magnified by the factor 7' is which differs from. e'by a'quantity which is constant throughout the turning, and the sole profile of the model will still be reproduced, but displaced on the mechanical axis of rotation of the block by the amount t A similar result follows if the model be initially displaced.

It should be noticed that the foot-room in the last is not effected by these displacements of the sole profile taken as a whole, for the lamina under treatment will be reproduced in size and shape irrespective of the toe spring control mechanism, which determines merely its position relatively to the axis of rotation of the block.

The cam-will in all cases, after the machine has been adjusted, shift the point 49 by the quantity 6 (it being understood that e is always measured from the normal axis, whether that axis be the central axis of revolutionor not). If the insertion of the cam has dropped the dogs below their unshifted position by-an amount equal to the resulting sole profile radiie reckoned from the actual initial axis of rotation will be the e increased by the quantity same can be said by assuming proper con-,-

vention as to algebraicsigns. The toe tip will be above the actual initial axis of rotation, and its distance therefrom will be reckoned as negative and it therefore will again be at the minimum distance from the actual initial axis of rotation. 7

It is desirable that the cam and model be so mounted that the portion of the profile of the sole being operated upon shall always lie between the axis of revolution and the model wheel, thus avoiding excessive movement ofthe swing frame. In other words,

" it is" desirable that the axis of revolution should always pass through the body-of the last where the model wheel is operating on the sole of the last, and that such axis should never pass outside of the portion of the sole of the model which is being operated on.

The block from which the new last is to be turned is held between dogs carried by chucks that are constructed and operated in the usual manner, and which chucks need not be capable of. adjustment toward and from the axis of revolution.

In the use of the described embodiment of my invention in the turning of lasts, the block is mounted between the toe and heel dogs, as usual, and it preferably does not change its relation to its axis of revolution. The model is mounted between its toe and heel dogs, but is shifted relatively to its axis of revolution in accordance with the above theory. That is to say, the cam' so shifts the pin 49 that its horizontal movements are equal to the changes in radius of the portion of the profile of the sole being operated upon. The setting of the widthgrading mechanism, by positioning the blade 63, also and automatically sets the pin 42 in such a positionas only to transm1t to the connecting-rod 41 the movement of the pin 49 multiplied by the quantity I according as r or 1. Specifically, if the I new last is to have radii one and one-tenth times those of the model so that 1 :1.1, then the pin 42 will be positioned away from the center of movement of the lever 45 a distance equal to 1; or one-eleventh times the distance of the pin 49 from said center of movement. Thus, the model last will be shifted toward or away from its axis of revolution one-eleventh of the radius of the point in the profile of the last being operated upon, and a correction Will thus be effected, so that the layer of-material added to or taken away from the sole profile of the model last to form the sole profile of the new last will be uniform in thickness or zero and the shape of the profile will be preserved without distortion. The mechanism thus shifts the model relatively 'to its axis a distance which is proportional to the distance of the sole profile point being op erated upon from the axis, and which is also dependent upon the width enlargement or reduction. This is necessary because the thickness of the layer added to or taken away from the profileof the last is increased as'the distance from the axis of the point being operated upon grows larger and also as the ratio of enlargement increases.

In another way of looking at the problem to which this invention is directed,the practical concern is with differences in radius of points in the profile of the last. and not in the actual lengths of those radii, since the differences in thickness of the layer added to or subtracted from the sole are only affected by the differences in length of the radii, and it is not important what the actual radii may be. lVhere the profile does not cut the axis of rotation, all the radii are equal to the shortest radius plus the difference between the radius being considered and the shortest radius. The cam will shift the last the proper fraction of that difference which is the essential thing, and not shifting the last the same. fraction of the shortest radius (which is a basic part of the lengths of all the radii) would simply mean that a uniform layer would be added to or taken away from the profile of the last, which layer is proportional to the length of the shortest radius and also depends upon the ratio of increase or decrease in width of the last.

My invention has the advantage of employing a cam which has the shape of the profile of the model and can, therefore, be formed without calculation. It also enables a single cam to be used for forming lasts of all widths from a given model, and yet, .at the same time, it requires shifting'of the model only a fraction of the radius of the point being operated upon, instead of requiring that the model be shifted the whole of such radius: This smaller shift means that less power is required and that the heads of the spindles can be made smaller and more compact, because less movement is required of the dogs. At the same time, my mechanism is automatic in that the operative, when setting the width-grading mechanism, automatically sets the mechanisms for shifting the last. Thus he is relieved of the time and labor which would otherwise be required to set the said shifting mechanism, and also the chance of his overlooking said mechanism is eliminated.

I claim 1. That improvement in the art of manufacturing. lasts which comprises revolving a block on a fixed axis, revolving a model, and bodily shifting the modelrelatively to its axis a distance proportional to the difference in radius between the pointof the profile of the last being operated upon and another point or points in the said profile.

2. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which comprises bodily shifting the model relatively to its axis a distance for each lamina as it is being operated upon which is proportional to the difference in profile radius between that lamina and the lamina having its profile point at a minimum distance from the axis. 7

3. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which comprises bodily shifting the model relatively to its axis a distance for each lamina as it is being operated upon which is proportional to the difference in profile radius between that lamina and the laminahaving its profile point at a minilargement or reduction in the last to the last 7 itself.

5. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which comprises rotating the model and block and shifting the model only relatively to its axis of rotation by a cam,

having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the model.

6. In a last turning lathe, the combina: tion of means for revolving the last'block on a fixed axis, means forrevolving a model upon an axis not passing through the toe tip, and means for bodily shifting the model I relatively to its axis a distance proportional to the difference in radius between the point of the profile of the model in the lamina being operated upon and another point in the said rofile. e V 7. n a last turning lathe, the combination of means for rotating a model about an axis not passing through the toe tip, and means for bodily shifting the model rela tively to its axis a distance for each lamina as it is being operated upon which is proportional to the difference in profile radius between that lamina and the lamina having its profile-point nearest the axis. 7 V

8. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for rotating a model about an axis notpassing through the toe tip, and means for bodily shifting the model relatively to its axis a distance for each lamina as it is being operated uponwhich is proportional to the difference in profile radius between that lamina and the lamina having its profile point nearest the axis, said proportion being the ratio of the enlargement or reduction in the model in width tothe last itself.

9. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for bodily shifting the model relatively to its axis of revolution a distance equal to the radius of that portion of the sole profile of the model which is being operated upon by the model-wheel, and means for varying said distance in accordance with. the ratio of change in the width of the last.

10. In a last turning lathe, the combination.of means for bodily shifting the model last relatively to its axis of'revolu-tion during the turning operation, comprising a cam having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the last, and means for modifying said shifting in accordance with the width ratio of enlargement or reduction.

11. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for rotating a model and a block,

and means for shifting the model, only, relatively to its axis of revolution, which means comprises a cam having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the model.

12. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for revolving a model and block on a common axis, means for displacing one of said objects transverse to said axis, by the radius of that portion of the profile of the sole of the model which is be ing operated upon by the model-wheel, width-grading mechanism, and means for so connecting said width-grading mechanism with said first-mentioned means as to modify said motion in correspondence with the width grading ratio.

18. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for revolving a model last and block, means for shifting the model relatively to its axis of revolution a distance related to the radius of that portion of the profile-of the sole of the model which is being operated upon by the model-wheel, widthgrading mechanism, and means connected to said means for shifting the model and to said width-grading mechanism, whereby the motion that would normally be transmitted by said means for shifting the model is modified proportionally to the setting of said width-grading mechanism. Y I

14:. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for revolving a model and a block, means for shifting the model relatively to its axis a distance related to the radial distance of that portion of the profile of the sole of the last being operated upon or a substantial fixed difference from said radius, and means for varying the motion transmitted by said means for shifting, said variations being in proportion to that fraction of the last cut which has been "alge braically added by the width grader.

15. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for revolving a model and a block width grading mechanism, a cam having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the model, means for transmitting motion from said cam to the model to shift the model relatively to its axis, and means for modifying said motion transmitted in proportion to the width grader setting.

16. In alast turning lathe, the combination of means for revolving a model and a block, a cam having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the model, means for trans mitting motion from said cam to the model to shift the model relatively to its axis, means for modifying said motion transmitted in correspondence with the width grading ratio, width-grading mechanism, and means for operating said last-mentioned means simultaneously with said width-grading mechanism.

17. In a last turninglathe, the combination of means for rotating a model and a block, a cam having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the sole of the model, apart progressively engaging points of the said cam corresponding to points of the sole of the model engaged by the model-wheel of the lathe, a lever operated by said part, a second part engaging said lever, means for shifting said model relatively to its axis, connections between said part and said means, and means for adjusting said second part on said lever to transmit motion of said first-mentioned part to the model in accordance with the width ratio.

18. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for rotating a model and a block, a cam having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the sole of the model, a part progressively engaging points of the said cam corresponding to points of the sole of the model engaged by the model-wheel of the lathe, a lever operated by said part, a sec- 0nd part engaging said lever, means for shifting said model relatively to its axis, connections between said second part and said means, width-grading mechanism, meansfor adjusting said second part on said leverto transmit motion of said first-mentioned part to the model in correspondence with the width grading ratio, said last-mentioned means being connected with and operated by said width-grading mechanism. a

19; In a last turning lathe, the 'combination of means for. rotating a model and a block, a cam having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the sole of the model, a part engaging said cam, a lever connected with and operated bysaid part, means for shift-- ing the model relatively to its axis, a part engaging said lever, said part and said means for shifting, widthgrading mechanism, and means connecting said width-grading mechanism with said part on said lever to so position said part that motion of said first-mentioned part shall be divided in the ratio of the model and the material algebraically added to the model, and one part thereof transmitted.

20. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for rotating a model and a block, means for shifting the model rela-. tively'to its axis,a cam having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the last, a lever, means for operating said lever from said cam, a part adjustable on saidlever and having connections with said means for shifting the model, width-grading mechanism comprising a fan-board and a blade, means connected with said blade for movement transversely of said blade, and connections between said last-mentioned part and said part adjustable on said lever.

21. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for rotating a model and a block,'a cam having the shape of a longitudinalprofile of the sole of the model, a lever, and connections for swinging said lever from said cam, means forshifting the model connections between a part connected with said blade so as to move with the adjustment of said blade, and

gearing connecting said last-mentioned part with said part that is adjustable on said lever.

22. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for rotating a model and a block, a cam having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the sole of the model, a lever, and connections for swinging said lever from said cam, means for shifting the model relatively to its axis, a part adjustably mounted on said lever, connections between said part on said lever and said means for shiftingg'a model-wheel carriage, a modelwheel carrying slide having a model-wheel mounted thereon, a fan-board, a blade adjustably mounted on said model-wheel slide, a part connected with said blade so as to movewhenzsaid blade is adjusted, and gearing connecting said last-mentioned part with said part that is adjustable on said lever, said gearing comprising a pinion mounted on said model-wheel carriage, a shaft journaled on said model-wheel carriage parallel to the line of motion of said carriage, a shaft journaled on the frame, a slidable connection between said shafts, and means for transmitting motion from said shaft onsaid frame to said part adjustable on said lever.

.23. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for rotating a model and a block, a cam having the shape of a longitudinal profile of the sole of the model, a lever, and connections for swinging said lever from said cam, means for shifting the model relatively to its axis, a part adjustably mounted on said lever, connections between said part on said lever and said means for shifting, a model-wheel carriage, a modelwheel carrying slide having a model-wheel mounted thereon, a fan-board, a bladeadjustably mounted on said model-wheel slide, a part connected with said adjustable blade so as to move with it when it is being adjusted, and gearing connecting said last mentioned part with said part that is adjustable on said lever, said gearing comprising a pinion mounted on said model-wheel'carriage, a shaft journaled on said model-wheel carriage and parallel to the line of motion of said carriage, a shaft journaled on the frame, slidable connection between said shafts, means for transmitting motion from said partengaging said fan-board to said shaft on the model-wheel carriage, means for transmitting motion from said shaft on 5 lever. 7

the frame to said part adjustable on said lever, said last-mentioned means comprising a hollow shaft upon which said lever isfulcrumed, a cylindrical rack mounted in said hollow shaft, gearing connected with one of said first-mentioned shafts for shifting said rack, and gearing for transmitting motion from said rack to said part that is adjustably mounted on said lever.

24. In a last turning lathe, the combination of means for rotating a model and a block, a cam having the shape of the longitudinal profile of the sole of last,means for swinging a lever from said cam, a hollow shaft upon which said lever is fulcrumed, said shaft being journaled on the frame of the lathe, a slide adjustably mounted on said lever and carrying a rack, means for shifting the model relatively to its axis, connections between said slide andsaid means for shifting, a model-wheel carriage having a model-wheel slide, and a model-wheel mounted thereon, a fan-board, a blade adjustable on said model-wheel slide across to said. fan-board, a part connected with said blade for movement, a telescopic shaft having one member j ournaled on the model carriage and the other member j ournaled on the frame, means for rotating said first shaft member by movement of said part that is movable with said blade, a cylindrical rack mounted in said hollow shaft, means for rotating said rack from said second-mentioned member of said telescopic shaft, and gearing carried by said lever and transmitting motion from said cylindrical rack to the rack on the slide that is mounted on said 25. In a pattern copying machine, a grading mechanism, for magnifying or reducingdiiferential elements of the model in relation to grading axis-and means for displacing the model transverse to said axis by amounts equal to the radii of the elements as they are reproduced, and mechanism for modifying said displacement in accordance with the grading ratio. r

26; In a pattern copying machine, a grading mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential elements of the model in relation to a grading axis and means tending to displace the model only, transverse to the axis, comprising a cam having the shape of the longitudinal peripheral outline of the model.

27. In a pattern copying machine, a grading mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential elements of the model in relation to a grading axis, a cam and connections tending to relatively shift the model and grading axis by amounts equal to the radii ing mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential elements of the model in relation to a grading axis, a cam and connections tending to relatively shift the model and grading axis by amounts equal to the radii of the elements as they are being reproduced, and mechanism connected with the grading mechanism for modifying the relative shifting movement in accordance with the grading ratio.

29. In a pattern copying machine, a grading mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential elements of the model in relation to the grading axis, a camand connections for relatively shifting the model and the gra ling axis by amounts equal to the radii of the elements being reproduced plus or minus a constant (which may be zero) and means for modifying the movement transmitted by the cam by a factor dependent on the grading ratio.

30. In a pattern copying machine, a grading mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential elements of the model in relation to the grading axis, a cam having the shape of a portion of the longitudinal model periphery, connections for transmitting motion from said cam to the model to shift it relatively to the said axis and means for modifying the motion transmitted in relation to the grading ratio.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set In hand.

EB WIN J. PRINDLE.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 1,388,302.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,388,302, granted August 23, i921, upon the application of Edwin J. Prindle, of East Orange, New Jersey, for an improvement in The Manufacture of Articles Having a Systematic Resemblance to a Pattern, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 6, line 100, for the fraction re d e; and

that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the ease in the Patent Ofiice Signed and sealed this 31st day of January, A. 1)., 1922. I

[SEAL] WM. A. KINNAN,

Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

